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SURVEY OF ADULT Anopheles MOSQUITOES IN ORUMBA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Insect-transmitted diseases remain a major source of illness and death worldwide. Malaria parasites affecting humans are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. However, the vector distribution varies in locations. This study aimed to survey adult Anopheles mosquitoes in Orumba North Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria from August 2022 to July 2023. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from indoor and outdoor locations using Pyrethrum Knockdown Collection (PKC) and Human Bait Collection (HBC) methods. Morphological identification of Anopheles species was carried out using standard identification keys. Molecular identification of sibling species of Anopheles gambiae complex was also done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 2,252 adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from the study area. Of the total number, 764(33.9%) were collected outdoors while 1488(66.1%) were collected indoors. The total collections comprised of two Anopheles mosquito species namely; An. gambiae 1618 (71.8%) and An. funestus 634(28.2%). Molecular identification of sibling species of Anopheles gambiae complex was also done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Out of 300 An. gambiae mosquitoes that were subjected to PCR, 272(90.67%) were amplified and identified as An. gambiae s.s. while 28(9.33%) were unamplified and could not be identified. Of the 1488 adult mosquitoes collected indoors, the highest number 822(55.2%) were freshly fed, while the least 131(8.8%) were gravid. The cumulative Indoor Resting Density of the two Anopheles species was 2.9 mosquitoes/room/night, while Man Biting Rate was 0.8 bite/man/night. Of the 2,252 mosquitoes, 2,229(99.0%) were collected in the rainy season while 23(1.0%) were collected in the dry season. The presence of An. gambiae and An. funestus in the area shows that the inhabitants were exposed to their bites. It is recommended that integrated vector control is used against the vectors in order to reduce malaria transmission to levels below public health importance.
KEYWORDS: Malaria, Mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus.