Effect of Ethanol Extract of Corianderum sativum Seed on Haematologic and Lipid Profile of Wistar Rats Fed with Kerosene Contaminated Diet

Abstract

The bioactive compounds in plants are responsible for their natural antioxidant activity, and the
majority of these bioactive compounds are natural phenols or polyphenols found in leaves, fruits, seeds, and flowers of plants such as Coriandium sativum. This study was aimed at investigating
the effect of ethanol extract of Coriandium sativum seed (C.sativum) on haematologic and lipid
profile of wistar rats fed with kerosene contaminated diet. C.sativum seed (1kg) was purchased
and processed for proximate, phytochemicals composition and for animal studies. Proximate
composition was determined by Association of analytical chemist methods, phytochemical was
determined using Gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (Gas-FID) and
animal study were carried out using forty- three (43) rats obtained from Chris Farm Awka. The
rats were acclimatized for seven days before treatment commenced. At the end of the
acclimatization,13 rats were used for acute toxicity test while 30 were divided into five groups of
6 rats each. While group 1 and two were controls, group 3 was negative control (untreated) and
groups 4 and 5 were treated groups. After 28days of treatment, the rats were anaesthesiased and
sacrificed after overnight fasting and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture using
15mls syringe. The acute toxicity was determined using lorke’s method, haematological analysis
was carried out using automated hematology analyzer and lipid profile was determined using
Randox test kit. The result of the proximate composition showed that coriander seed contain high
carbohydrate content (38.25± 0.02%), crude fat (27.67±0.01%) and crude protein (20.58±0.02%). The phytochemical constituents of the seed extract were in the order flavones (15.38±0.03
μg/ml) > Ribalinidine (14.02±0.01 μg/ml) > catechin (10.18±0.02 μg/ml). The result of the
animal study showed that administration of C sativum extract at higher dose did not result to any
mortality nor signs of toxicity. There were observable changes in mean body weight of wistar
rats during the experimental study. There was significant increase in RBC (7.93±0.537x10
7
/L)
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and platelets (711±50.8 x10
9
/L) in groups 2 and 5 (8.16±0.19x10
9
/L) compared to untreated
group 3 (4.36±1.98 x10
9
/L). There was significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol and
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in positive control (group 2) and treated groups (groups 4 and 5)
compared to untreated group (3). However, there was an increase in high density lipoprotein
(HDL) in the said groups compared to untreated group 3. These results indicated that C,sativum
seed extract possess antioxidant properties, antilipidemic properties and may help mitigate the
effect of kerosene contaminated feed on haematologic and lipid profile of wistar rats.