Effect of Ethanol extract of Justicia carnea on Liver and Kidney function of Cadmium - induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

The traditional use of Justicia carnea as a blood and liver tonic lacks scientific validation, and cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity poses significant health risks, prompting this study to investigate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Justicia carnea on cadmium-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. The extract's traditional use as a blood and liver tonic was scientifically validated through various biochemical assessments. Phytochemical analysis revealed high concentrations of naringin, vinnillic acid, and nobiletin, while proximate composition showed notable levels of moisture, carbohydrate, and protein. The extract also contained high vitamin C content, indicating strong antioxidant potential. Cadmium exposure significantly elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, urea, and creatinine levels, indicating liver and kidney damage. However, treatment with J. carnea extract (100mg/kg and 300mg/kg) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved these parameters, with the higher dose showing more pronounced effects. The extract also improved hematological indices, including RBC, Hb, and PCV levels, supporting its blood-enhancing reputation. Body weight gain was observed in treated groups, indicating better health and recovery. The study's findings suggest that J. carnea ethanol extract possesses significant hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and hematopoietic properties, effectively mitigating cadmium-induced liver and kidney damage. The extract was found to be safe at both tested doses, with no signs of acute toxicity. Overall, this study validates the traditional use of J. carnea as a blood and liver tonic and highlights its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing heavy metal-induced toxicity and oxidative stress-related disorders.