EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY PROPERTIES OF PHYTO-FABRICATED GREEN CALCIUM NANOPARTICLES

Abstract

The upsurge in antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents’ resistance relative to different microbial infections has necessitated and intensify the search for effective antimicrobial agents. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial and biocompatibility properties of phyto-fabricated green calcium nanoparticles. Azadirachta indica (Neem plant) was collected, room dried, pulverized and extracted using aqueous and methanolic solvents. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out t and the aqueous extracts were further utilized to synthesize calcium oxide nanoparticles under alkaline condition which were indicated by the colour change formations. The dried nanopowders were characterized using conventional nanotechnological techniques The biosynthesized were tested for the antibacterial potencies using agar well diffusion, MIC and MBC while their biocompatibility was ascertain using haemolytic assay. The results revealed that extract exhibited higher presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids and glycosides. The elucidated nanopowders were found to conform to calcium oxide nanoparticles properties. The Azadirachta indica CaONP had the highest zone of inhibition of 20.00 20.00±0.39 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while ciprofloxacin had the lowest zone of inhibition of 0.00±0.00 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Azadirachta indica CaONP recorded the lowest MIC and MBC values of 0.47 and 0.94 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. The result of the haemolytic activity revealed that biosynthesized calcium nanoparticles are safe for human usage at lower doses as LC50 (median lethal concentration) >100 are relatively not acutely toxic. The aqueous leaf extract of the Azadirachta indica (Neem plant) possess reducing agents for the biofabrication of CaONPs, with noteworthy antibacterial activities as well as biocompatibility.